Pet birds such as budgies, cockatiels, parrots and finches are masters at hiding illness. In the wild, a bird that looks weak attracts predators, so by the time a pet bird looks obviously unwell it may be seriously ill. An avian vet, a veterinarian experienced with birds, is the best way to catch problems early.
This guide is part of our exotic pet vet guide.
Key takeaways
- A fluffed-up bird sitting on the cage floor is an emergency.
- Fumes from overheated non-stick (PTFE) cookware can kill birds quickly. Keep birds away from the kitchen.
- All-seed diets are linked to malnutrition. Your vet can help you transition to a balanced diet.
- New birds should be quarantined and vet-checked before meeting existing birds.
Subtle signs your bird is sick
- Fluffed feathers for long periods, sleeping more, or sitting on the cage floor
- Tail bobbing with each breath, open-mouth breathing or clicking sounds
- Changes in droppings: colour, consistency or volume, or undigested seed
- Eating less, weight loss, or a sharp keel (breastbone)
- Discharge from the eyes or nostrils, or crusting around them
- Vomiting or regurgitation (other than courtship feeding)
- Feather plucking, abnormal feathers or bleeding feathers
- Lameness, weakness or loss of balance
Weighing your bird weekly on a gram scale is one of the most useful things you can do. Weight loss is often the earliest sign of illness.
Household dangers for birds
| Hazard | Why it is dangerous |
|---|---|
| Non-stick (PTFE) cookware and some heaters | Overheated coatings release fumes that can be fatal to birds within minutes |
| Aerosols, scented candles, smoke | Birds have a very efficient respiratory system and are highly sensitive to airborne toxins |
| Zinc and lead | Found in some cage parts, toys, keys and old paint; cause heavy metal poisoning |
| Avocado, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol | Toxic to many bird species |
| Open windows, ceiling fans, hot pans, other pets | Common causes of injury |
What an avian vet checks
- Weight and keel muscle
- Beak, nails, eyes, nostrils, mouth and feathers
- Breathing and heart
- Droppings
- Diet and cage setup
- Tests where needed, such as blood work, X-rays, or screening for infections like psittacosis (chlamydiosis), which can also infect people
How to find an avian vet
- Search for “avian vet” or “bird vet”. In the US, the Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV) has a vet finder, and some vets are board-certified in avian practice.
- Ask how many birds the vet sees and whether they can handle your species, especially larger parrots.
- Ask whether they have in-house testing and a bird-safe hospital ward away from cats and dogs.
- Ask bird clubs and rescues for local recommendations.
How often should a bird see a vet?
Book a new-bird exam soon after purchase or adoption, then an annual wellness exam. Older birds and those with chronic problems may need checks every six months.
Frequently asked questions
Should I clip my bird’s wings?
Wing clipping is a contested topic. Discuss your bird’s species, home environment and safety risks with your avian vet before deciding.
What should I do if my bird is bleeding from a broken feather?
Apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth and call your vet. Bleeding from a growing “blood feather” can be significant for a small bird.
Related guides
This guide is general information for pet owners and is not a substitute for an examination by a licensed veterinarian. If your pet is unwell, contact your vet.
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