Vaccines protect dogs from serious and often fatal infections like parvovirus, distemper and rabies. Most dogs need a series of puppy shots, a booster around one year, and then regular boosters for life. This guide explains the schedule, which vaccines are essential, and which depend on lifestyle and location.
It is part of our pet health checkup and vaccine guide. Schedules vary by country and vaccine product, so always follow your vet’s advice and local law.
Core vs non-core vaccines
| Type | Vaccines | Who needs them |
|---|---|---|
| Core | Canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus (hepatitis), and rabies | All dogs, regardless of lifestyle |
| Non-core / lifestyle | Leptospirosis, Bordetella (kennel cough), canine parainfluenza, Lyme disease, canine influenza | Dogs at risk based on location and lifestyle |
International guidance from the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) and the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) informs these categories. Note that leptospirosis is considered essential in many regions where it is common, including much of India and parts of the US.
Puppy vaccination schedule
| Age | Typical vaccines |
|---|---|
| 6 to 8 weeks | First distemper, parvovirus, adenovirus (often combined with parainfluenza) |
| 10 to 12 weeks | Second combination dose; leptospirosis first dose where recommended |
| 12 to 16 weeks | Third combination dose; second leptospirosis dose; rabies according to local law |
| Around 16 weeks or later | Final puppy dose. Guidelines recommend the last dose at 16 weeks or older because maternal antibodies can block earlier doses |
| 6 months to 1 year | Booster of core vaccines; rabies booster as required |
Bordetella can be given to puppies that will mix with other dogs. See our Bordetella vaccine guide.
Adult dog boosters
- Distemper, parvovirus, adenovirus: after the one-year booster, WSAVA and AAHA guidance supports boosting no more often than every three years for many vaccine products. Your vet may also offer antibody (titre) testing.
- Rabies: one-year or three-year intervals depending on the vaccine and local law. In India, annual rabies boosters are commonly advised.
- Leptospirosis: annually, because immunity is shorter-lived.
- Bordetella: annually or as required by boarding kennels and daycares.
What to expect after a vaccine
Mild tiredness, a small lump at the injection site, or a slightly reduced appetite for a day are common. Contact a vet immediately if your dog has facial swelling, hives, vomiting, difficulty breathing or collapse, which can indicate an allergic reaction.
Keeping track
Keep a copy of your dog’s vaccination record, and ask your clinic to send reminders before boosters are due. Boarding kennels, groomers and travel often require proof. See our pet health certificate guide for travel paperwork.
Frequently asked questions
When can my puppy go outside?
Most vets advise avoiding areas with unknown dogs until about one to two weeks after the final puppy vaccine, while still allowing safe, controlled socialisation.
Do indoor dogs need vaccines?
Yes. Core vaccines protect against viruses that can be carried in on shoes and clothing, and rabies vaccination is legally required in many places.
My dog missed a booster. Should we restart?
Not always. Your vet will decide based on how overdue the booster is and the vaccine type.
Related guides
This guide is general information for pet owners and is not a substitute for an examination by a licensed veterinarian. If your pet is unwell, contact your vet.
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